ground excavation meaning in English

挖土工作

Since the shallow depth excavation is the main factor to cause ground settlement in shenzhen subway tunnel , this paper discusses some corresponding countermeasures including the improvement of ground property , appropriate draining of groundwater , scheduled excavation depth and width , etc , to control strata distortion and surface settlement , and argues that these measures are expected to effectively control surface settlement while constructing city subway in soft ground excavation
摘要针对深圳地铁浅埋暗挖隧道施工中影响地表下降及地层变形的因素，提出了遵循“十八字”原则、改善土体特性、适度排放地下水、根据地层条件选择施工方法、增大左右线隧道开挖面的距离、合理确定开挖进尺、提高施工效率、加强初期支护、及时施作二次衬砌等对策。